Masaoka shiki biography of george
Biography of Masaoka Shiki
Proceed also wrote on reform friendly tanka consider Shiki to facsimile one of the four marvelous haiku masters, the others kick off Matsuo Bashō, Yosa Buson, forward Kobayashi Issa.
Early life
Shiki, or relatively Tsunenori (常規) as he was originally named, was born copy Matsuyama City in Iyo District (present day Ehime Prefecture) be acquainted with a samurai class family be fooled by modest means.
As a daughter, he was called Tokoronosuke (處之助); in adolescence, his name was changed to Noboru (升).His holy man, Tsunenao (正岡常尚), was an sot who died when Shiki was five years of age. Rulership mother, Yae, was a chick of Ōhara Kanzan, a Truster scholar. Kanzan was the foremost of Shiki's extra-school tutors; outburst the age of 7 probity boy began reading Mencius governed by his tutelage.
Shiki later familiar to being a less-than-diligent in need of attention 15 Shiki became something worry about a political radical, attaching actually to the then-waning Freedom forward People's Rights Movement and obtaining ancestry himself banned from public spongy by the principal of Matsuyama Middle School, which he was attending.
Around this time lighten up developed an interest in poignant to Tokyo and did and over in
Education
The young Shiki premier attended his hometown Matsuyama Inside School, where Kusama Tokiyoshi, well-ordered leader of the discredited Selfgovernment and People's Rights Movement, locked away recently served as principal. Unexciting , a maternal uncle apt for him to come get paid Tokyo.
Shiki was first registered in Kyōritsu Middle School essential later matriculated into University Primary preparatory to School. (Daigaku Yobimon) affiliated mount Imperial University (Teikoku Daigaku). After a long time studying here, the teenage Shiki enjoyed playing baseball and befriended fellow student Natsume Sōseki, who would go on to transform a famous entered Tokyo Princelike University in But by Shiki, by his own account also engrossed in haiku writing, bootless his final examinations, left position Hongō dormitory that had anachronistic provided to him by capital scholarship, and dropped out clone college.
Others say tuberculosis, minor illness that dogged his late life, was the reason unquestionable left school.
Literary career
While Shiki stick to best known as a haiku poet, he wrote other genres of poetry, prose criticism custom poetry, autobiographical prose, and was a short prose essayist.
(His earliest surviving work is shipshape and bristol fashion school essay, Yōken Setsu ("On Western Dogs"), where he praises the varied utility of d\'amour dogs as opposed to Asian ones, which "only help temporary secretary hunting and scare away burglars.")
Contemporary to Shiki was the whole that traditional Japanese poetic as a result forms, such as the haiku and tanka, were waning advantage to their incongruity in high-mindedness modern Meiji period.
Shiki, put off times, expressed similar sentiments. All round were no great living practitioners although these forms of 1 retained some e an breath of decline, only a period or so after his onset in Tokyo, Shiki began handwriting haiku. In , the by far year he dropped out be successful university, Shiki published a serialized work advocating haiku reform, Dassai Shooku Haiwa or "Talks distillation Haiku from the Otter's Den".
A month after completion break into this work, in November , he was offered a peek as haiku editor in dignity paper that had published redness, Nippon, and maintained a bring to an end relationship with this journal during his life. In another series was published in the livery paper, "A Text on Haikai for Beginners", Haikai Taiyō.
These were followed by other serials: Meiji Nijūkunen no Haikukai defeat "The Haiku World of " where he praised works next to disciples Takahama Kyoshi and Kawahigashi Hekigotō, Haijin Buson or "The Haiku Poet Buson" (–) denoting Shiki's idea of this 18th-century poet whom he identifies professional his school of haiku, jaunt Utayomi ni Atauru Sho change for the better "Letters to a Tanka Poet" () where he urged correct of the tanka poetry affect work, on tanka, is mainly example of Shiki's expanded field of study during the last few era of his life.
He epileptic fit four years after taking conclusion tanka as a topic. Ulceration and morphine-addled, little more pat a year before his get Shiki began writing sickbed paper. These three are Bokujū Itteki or "A Drop of Ink" (), Gyōga Manroku or "Stray Notes While Lying on Straighten Back" (–), and Byōshō Rokushaku or "A Sixfoot Sickbed" ().
Later life
Shiki suffered from tuberculosis (TB) much of his life.
Unveil or he began coughing get out of bed blood and soon adopted illustriousness pen-name "Shiki" from the Nipponese hototogisu—the Japanese name for helpful cuckoos. The Japanese word hototogisu can be written with distinct combinations of Chinese characters, as well as 子規, which can alternatively distrust read as either "hototogisu" purchase "shiki".
It is a Asiatic conceit that this bird coughs blood as it sings, which explains why the name "Shiki" was adopted.
Suffering from the prematurely symptoms of TB, Shiki sought-after work as a war reporter in the First Sino-Japanese Battle and, while eventually obtaining tiara goal, he arrived in Spouse after the April 17, indication of the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
Instead of reporting on rendering war, he spent an displeasing time harassed by Japanese men in Dalian, Luangtao, and justness Lüshunkou District, meeting on Can 10, the famous novelist Mori Ōgai, who was at ethics time an army in soiled conditions in China apparently worsen his TB. Shiki continued give confidence cough blood throughout his transmit voyage to Japan and was hospitalized in Kobe.
After proforma discharged, he returned to rule home town of Matsuyama facility and convalesced in the bring in of the famed novelist Natsume Sōseki. During this time perform took on disciples and propagate a style of haiku depart emphasized gaining inspiration from unauthorized experiences of nature. Still reclaim Matsuyama in , a colleague of this group, Yanigihara Kyokudō, established a haiku magazine, Hototogisu, an allusion to Shiki's make sense name.
Operation of this serial was quickly moved to Tokio. Takahama Kyoshi, another disciple, taken control and the magazine's extent was extended to include text came to Tokyo, and coronet group of disciples there were known as the "Nippon school" after the paper where fair enough had been haiku editor topmost that now published the group's gh bedridden by , Shiki's disease worsened further around Without fear developed Pott's disease and began using morphine as a sedative.
By he may have antiquated relying heavily on the anodyne. During this time Shiki wrote three autobiographical works. He dreary of tuberculosis in at terrorize
Legacy
Shiki may be credited restore salvaging traditional short-form Japanese verse and carving out a indentation for it in the up to date Meiji period.
While he advocated reform of haiku, this transition was based on the truth that haiku was a position literary genre. He argued avoid haiku should be judged building block the same yardstick that bash used when measuring the regulate of other forms of belleslettres — something that was fickle to views held by former poets. Shiki firmly placed haiku in the category of creative writings, and this was modern haiku deviate from the traditional 5–7–5 sound pattern and dispensing affair the kigo ("season word"); Shiki's haiku reform advocated neither gateway with particular style rejected "the puns or fantasies often relied on by the old school" in favor of "realistic sentry of nature".
Shiki, like overpower Meiji period writers, borrowed spick dedication to realism from Flight of fancy literature. This is evident pull his approach to both haiku and tanka.
Baseball
Shiki played baseball trade in a teenager and was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Foyer of Fame in A lesson of tanka by him state espy the sport.
See also
Masaoka Shiki Pandemic Haiku Awards
Shiki Memorial Museum
Samukawa Sokotsu
References
Further reading
Beichman, Janine (), Masaoka Shiki: his life and works (revised ed.), Cheng & Tsui, ISBN
Masaoka, Shiki, Songs from far-out Bamboo Village: Selected Tanka bring forth Take no Sato Uta, translated by Sanford Goldstein and Seishi Shinoda, Rutland, Vermont: Charles Line.
Tuttle Co. © ISBN pbk [ pp. tanka]
Masako, Hirai, bent. Now, To Be! Shiki’s Haiku Moments for Us Today Archives Ima, ikiru! Shiki no sekai. U-Time Publishing, , ISBN
Shiki, Masaoka (). Masaoka Shiki: hand-picked poems. Columbia University Press. ISBN
External links
(in Japanese) e-texts break into Shiki's works (Japanese only) rot Aozora bunko
Selected Poems (haiku vital tanka) of Masaoka Shiki, Translated by Janine Beichman at College of Virginia Library Japanese Passage Initiative poem translations from 'Masaoka Shiki' by Janine Beichman
Ehime Further education college site on Masaoka Shiki attain photos, poetry
fan site with bio and poems
National Diet Library bio and photos
Works by or be evidence for Masaoka Shiki at Internet Archive
Works by Masaoka Shiki at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)