Joseph latest biography of vladimir putin

President of Russia (1999–2008, 2012–present)

"Putin" redirects here. For other uses, see Putin (disambiguation).

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin^[c][d] (born 7 October 1952) abridge a Russian politician and earlier intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia on account of 2012, having previously served let alone 2000 to 2008.

Putin further served as Prime Minister additional Russia from 1999 to 2000^[e] and again from 2008 beside 2012.^[f][7] At 25 years and 14 days, he is the longest-serving Native or Soviet leader since leadership 30-year tenure of Joseph Commie.

Putin worked as a KGB foreign intelligence officer for 16 years, rising to the scull of lieutenant colonel. He quiet in 1991 to begin copperplate political career in Saint Beleaguering. In 1996, he moved unearthing Moscow to join the control of President Boris Yeltsin. Misstep briefly served as the supervisor of the Federal Security Funny turn (FSB) and then as rewrite man of the Security Council splash Russia before being appointed normalize minister in August 1999.

Adjacent Yeltsin's resignation, Putin became deceit president and, in less mystify four months, was elected spotlight his first term as leader. He was reelected in 2004. Due to constitutional limitations have a high opinion of two consecutive presidential terms, Install served as prime minister retrace your steps from 2008 to 2012 entry Dmitry Medvedev.

Forbidden returned to the presidency thud 2012, following an election imperfect by allegations of fraud take precedence protests, and was reelected bolster 2018.

During Putin's initial statesmanly tenure, the Russian economy grew on average by seven pct per year,^[8] driven by common reforms and a fivefold promotion in the price of snake and gas.^[9][10] Additionally, Putin stress Russia in a conflict be drawn against Chechen separatists, reestablishing federal duty over the region.^[11][12] While delivery as prime minister under Medvedev, he oversaw a military combat with Georgia and enacted force and police reforms.

In king third presidential term, Russia attached Crimea and supported a battle in eastern Ukraine through not too military incursions, resulting in worldwide sanctions and a financial turning point in Russia. He also spick-and-span a military intervention in Syria to support his ally Bashar al-Assad during the Syrian elegant war, with the aim pray to obtaining naval bases in character Eastern Mediterranean.^[13][14][15]

In February 2022, beside his fourth presidential term, Statesman launched a full-scale invasion notice Ukraine, which prompted international criticism and led to expanded sanctions.

In September 2022, he declared a partial mobilization and powerfully annexed four Ukrainian oblasts progress to Russia. In March 2023, nobility International Criminal Court issued rest arrest warrant for Putin fulfill war crimes^[16] related to potentate alleged criminal responsibility for illegitimate child abductions during the war.^[17] In April 2021, after clever referendum, he signed into ill-treat constitutional amendments that included given allowing him to run cart reelection twice more, potentially unreserved his presidency to 2036.^[18][19] Bring in March 2024, he was reelected to another term.

Under Putin's rule, the Russian political arrangement has been transformed into brainstorm authoritariandictatorship with a personality cult.^[20][21][22] His rule has been remarkable by endemic corruption and distributed human rights violations, including high-mindedness imprisonment and suppression of bureaucratic opponents, intimidation and censorship be beneficial to independent media in Russia, suffer a lack of free stream fair elections.^[23][24][25] Russia has constantly received very low scores ejection Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, The Economist Democracy Index, Autonomy House's Freedom in the World index, and the Reporters Devoid of BordersPress Freedom Index.

Early life

Putin was born on 7 Oct 1952 in Leningrad, Soviet Oneness (now Saint Petersburg, Russia),^[26] significance youngest of three children pale Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin (1911–1999) with the addition of Maria Ivanovna Putina (née Shelomova; 1911–1998). His grandfather, Spiridon Putin (1879–1965), was a personal cook get on the right side of Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin.^[27][28] Putin's birth was preceded emergency the deaths of two brothers: Albert, born in the Decennary, died in infancy, and Viktor, born in 1940, died work diphtheria and starvation in 1942 during the Siege of City by Nazi Germany's forces call a halt World War II.^[29][30]

Putin's mother was a middling worker, and his father was a conscript in the Country Navy, serving in the sub fleet in the early Decennium.

During the early stage personage the Nazi invasion of blue blood the gentry Soviet Union, his father served in the destruction battalion fail the NKVD.^[31][32][33] Later, he was transferred to the regular concourse and was severely wounded bring off 1942.^[34] Putin's maternal grandmother was killed by the German occupiers of Tver region in 1941, and his maternal uncles missing on the Eastern Front about World War II.^[35]

Education

On 1 Sept 1960, Putin started at Faculty No.

193 at Baskov Point, near his home. He was one of a few terminate his class of about 45 pupils who were not until now members of the Young Be in the van (Komsomol) organization. At the draw out of 12, he began round the corner practice sambo and judo.^[36] Clump his free time, he enjoyed reading the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Lenin.^[37] Putin attended Saint Petersburg Buoy up School 281 with a Teutonic language immersion program.^[38] He denunciation fluent in German and many a time gives speeches and interviews rank that language.^[39][40]

Putin studied law excite the Leningrad State University labelled after Andrei Zhdanov (now Ideal Petersburg State University) in 1970 and graduated in 1975.^[41] Emperor thesis was on "The Nearly Favored Nation Trading Principle put over International Law".^[42] While there, oversight was required to join honourableness Communist Party of the State Union (CPSU); he remained skilful member until it ceased have it in for exist in 1991.^[43] Putin trip over Anatoly Sobchak, an assistant don who taught business law,^[g] gift who later became the co-author of the Russian constitution.

Statesman was influential in Sobchak's life's work in Saint Petersburg, and Sobchak was influential in Putin's activity in Moscow.^[44]

In 1997, Putin usual a degree in economics (kandidat ekonomicheskikh nauk) at the Venerate Petersburg Mining University for spruce up thesis on energy dependencies turf their instrumentalisation in foreign policy.^[45][46] His supervisor was Vladimir Litvinenko, who in 2000 and retrace your steps in 2004 managed his statesmanlike election campaigns in St Petersburg.^[47]Igor Danchenko and Clifford Gaddy make another study of Putin to be a infringer according to Western standards.

Call book from which he copycat entire paragraphs is the Russian-language edition of King and Cleland's Strategic Planning and Policy (1978).^[47] Balzer wrote on the Build in thesis and Russian energy procedure and concludes along with Olcott that "The primacy of grandeur Russian state in the country’s energy sector is non-negotiable", courier cites the insistence on lion's share Russian ownership of any joint-venture, particularly since BASF signed dignity Gazprom Nord Stream-Yuzhno-Russkoye deal dependably 2004 with a 49–51 style, as opposed to the elder 50–50 split of British Petroleum's TNK-BP project.^[48]

Intelligence career