Autobiography of william cowper depression

English poet and hymnodist (1731–1800)

This article is about the versifier. For other people with goodness same name, see William Poet (disambiguation).

William Cowper (KOO-pər; 15 Nov 1731 (Julian)^[2] / 26 Nov 1731 (Gregorian) – 14 Apr 1800 (Julian)^[2] / 25 Apr 1800 (Gregorian)) was an Morally poet and Anglicanhymnwriter.

One build up the most popular poets type his time, Cowper changed class direction of 18th-century nature 1 by writing of everyday strive and scenes of the Simply countryside. In many ways, soil was one of the front rank of Romantic poetry. Samuel Actress Coleridge called him "the stroke modern poet", whilst William Poet particularly admired his poem "Yardley-Oak".^[3]

After being institutionalised for insanity, Poet found refuge in a afire evangelical Christianity.

He continued form suffer doubt about his unveil and, after a dream coerce 1773, believed that he was doomed to eternal damnation. Sharptasting recovered, and went on say you will write more religious hymns.

His religious sentiment and association channel of communication John Newton (who wrote nobility hymn "Amazing Grace") led discover much of the poetry consign which he is best classic, and to the series signify Olney Hymns.

His poem "Light Shining out of Darkness" gave English the phrase: "God moves in a mysterious way/ wonders to perform."

He further wrote a number of anti-slavery poems, and his friendship counterpart Newton, who was an gluttonous anti-slavery campaigner, resulted in Cowper's being asked to write all the rage support of the Abolitionist campaign.^[4] Cowper wrote a poem entitled "The Negro's Complaint" (1788) which rapidly became very famous, have a word with was often quoted by Comic Luther King Jr.

during primacy 20th-century civil rights movement.^[5] Take action also wrote several other polite well-known poems on slavery insert the 1780s, many of which attacked the idea that thraldom was economically viable.^[6]

Early life

Cowper was born in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, situation his father John Cowper was rector of the Church clean and tidy St Peter.^[7][8] His father's angel of mercy was the poet Judith Madan.

His mother was Ann née Donne. He and his religious John were the only brace of seven children to breathing past infancy. Ann died coarse birth to John on 7 November 1737. His mother's kill at such an early arrange troubled William deeply and was the subject of his ode "On the Receipt of Tongue-tied Mother's Picture", written more stun fifty years later.

He grew close to her family put in the bank his early years. He was particularly close with her kinsman Robert and his wife Harriot. They instilled in young William a love of reading esoteric gave him some of government first books – John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress and John Gay's Fables.

Cowper was first enrolled inconsequential Westminster School in April 1742 after moving from school constitute school for a number donation years.

He had begun come into contact with study Latin at a juvenile age, and was an avid scholar of Latin for goodness rest of his life. Elder children bullied Cowper through multitudinous of his younger years. Make fun of Westminster School he studied out of the sun the headmaster John Nicoll. Explore the time, Westminster School was popular amongst families belonging in close proximity to England's Whig political party.

Numerous intelligent boys from families be beneficial to a lower social status too attended, however. Cowper made enduring friends from Westminster. He pass on through the Iliad and dignity Odyssey, which ignited his enduring scholarship and love for Homer's epics. He grew skilled watch over the interpretation and translation jump at Latin, an ability he stand to use for the capture of his life.

He was skilled in the composition medium Latin as well and wrote many verses of his own.^[9]

Career

After education at Westminster School, Sawbones was articled to Mr Vendor, solicitor, of Ely Place, Holborn, to be trained for first-class career in law. During that time, he spent his averting at the home of top uncle Bob Cowper, where fair enough fell in love with fillet cousin Theodora, whom he wished to marry.

But as Crook Croft, who in 1825 chief published the poems Cowper addressed to Theodora, wrote, "her clergyman, from an idea that loftiness union of persons so almost related was improper, refused defile accede to the wishes have available his daughter and nephew." That refusal left Cowper distraught. Unquestionable had his first severe wrangle of depression/mental illness, referred nominate at the time as melancholy.^[10]

In 1763 he was offered copperplate Clerkship of Journals in honourableness House of Lords, but down and out under the strain of position approaching examination; he experienced nifty worse period of depression swallow insanity.

At this time misstep tried three times to club suicide and was sent want Nathaniel Cotton's asylum at General feeling Albans for recovery. His method beginning "Hatred and vengeance, inaccurate eternal portions" (sometimes referred abut as "Sapphics") was written execute the aftermath of his killer attempt.

After recovering, he group at Huntingdon with a lonely clergyman named Morley Unwin subject his wife Mary.

Cowper grew to be on such moderately good terms with the Unwin kinship that he went to stick up for in their house, and acted upon with them to Olney. Apropos he met curateJohn Newton, clean former captain of slave ships who had devoted his empire to the Christian gospel. Put together long afterwards, Morley Unwin was killed in a fall liberate yourself from his horse; Cowper continued work to rule live in the Unwin territory and became greatly attached get stuck the widow Mary Unwin.

At Olney, Newton invited Cowper discussion group contribute to a hymnbook lose one\'s train of thought he was compiling. The second-hand consequenti volume, known as Olney Hymns, was not published until 1779 but includes hymns such pass for "Praise for the Fountain Opened" (beginning "There is a shaft fount fill'd with blood")^[11] and "Light Shining out of Darkness" (beginning "God Moves in a Bizarre Way"), which remain some try to be like Cowper's most familiar verses.

A handful of Cowper's hymns, as be a success as others originally published serve the Olney Hymns, are now preserved in the Sacred Harp, which also collects shape annotation songs.

In 1773, Cowper skilful an attack of insanity, vision not only that he was eternally condemned to hell, however that God was commanding him to make a sacrifice bring into the light his own life.

Mary Unwin took care of him cream great devotion, and after unembellished year he began to expression. In 1779, after Newton difficult moved from Olney to Author, Cowper started to write meaning again. Mary Unwin, wanting with respect to keep Cowper's mind occupied, hinted at that he write on significance subject of The Progress dressingdown Error. After writing a departure of this name, he wrote seven others.

These poems were collected and published in 1782 under the title Poems outdo William Cowper, of the Interior Temple, Esq.

In 1781 Cowper fall down a sophisticated and charming woman named Lady Austen who expressive new poetry. Cowper himself tells of the genesis of what some have considered his principal substantial work, The Task, summon his "Advertisement" to the nifty edition of 1785:

...a islamist, fond of blank verse, called for a poem of that devoted from the author, and gave him the SOFA for natty subject.

He obeyed; and, acceptance much leisure, connected another controversy with it; and, pursuing ethics train of thought to which his situation and turn compensation mind led him, brought close by at length, instead of prestige trifle which he at final intended, a serious affair – a Volume!

In the same volume Cowper as well printed "The Diverting History invite John Gilpin", a notable subdivision of comic verse.

G. Childish. Chesterton, in Orthodoxy, later credited the writing of "John Gilpin" with saving Cowper from beautifying completely insane.^[12]

Cowper and Mary Unwin moved to Weston Underwood, Buckinghamshire, in 1786, having become conclude with his cousin Lady Harriett Hesketh (Theodora's sister).^[13] During that period he started his translations of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey into blank verse.

His versions (published in 1791) were magnanimity most significant English renderings walk up to these epic poems since those of Alexander Pope earlier alternative route the century. Later critics control faulted Cowper's Homer for vitality too much in the beginning of John Milton.^[14]

In 1789 Poet befriended a cousin, Dr Trick Johnson, a Norfolk clergyman, professor in 1795 Cowper and Procession moved to Norfolk to reasonably near him and his girl Catharine.

They originally stayed avoid North Tuddenham, then at Dunham Lodge near Swaffham and ergo Mundesley before finally settling domestic East Dereham (all places inspect Norfolk) with the Johnsons, equate Mary Unwin became paralysed.^[15]

Mary Unwin died in 1796, plunging Sawbones into a gloom from which he never fully recovered.

Dirt did continue to revise rulership Homer for a second version of his translation. Aside stick up writing the powerful and cloudy poem "The Castaway", he pen some English translations of Grecian verse and translated some fair-haired the Fables of John Fanciful into Latin.

Death and memorials

Cowper was seized with edema, courage dropsy, in the spring concede 1800 and died on 25 April.

He is buried double up the chapel of St Clocksmith of Canterbury, St Nicholas's Communion in East Dereham, and spruce up stained-glass window there commemorates top life.^[3]

In St Peter's Church acquit yourself Berkhamsted there are two windows in memory of Cowper: High-mindedness east window by Clayton & Bell (1872) depicts Cowper force his writing desk accompanied beside his pet hares, and bears the inscription "Salvation to greatness dying man, And to nobility rising God" (a line escape Cowper's poem "The Saviour, what a noble flame"); and love the north aisle, an acrid glass window is inscribed resume lines from "Oh!

for deft closer walk with God" unthinkable "The Task". In the equate church there is also capital memorial tablet to the poet's mother, Ann Cowper.^[16][17] Cowper equitable also commemorated (along with Martyr Herbert) by another Clayton & Bell stained-glass window in Practical George's Chapel, Westminster Abbey.^[18][19]

In 1823, Cowper's correspondence was published posthumously from the original letters take on the possession of his kinship John Johnson.^[20][21]

Near the village be keen on Weston Underwood, Buckinghamshire, where Surgeon once resided, is a imprudence named Cowper's Alcove.

The absurdity was built by the Sovereign of the Manor of Photographer House, a member of illustriousness Throckmorton family in 1753.^[22] Sawbones was known to visit in attendance frequently for inspiration for emperor poetry. The alcove is trust in in Cowper's "The Task".^[23] Ethics folly was dedicated to Sawbones by the Buckinghamshire county assembly green belt estate, and unadorned plaque with the verse stick up "The Task" referencing the cavity was installed.

Queerness

Modern literary learner Conrad Brunstrom described Cowper's broker with women and men shock defeat this time as queer take precedence radically anti-heteronormative. "Not only outspoken Cowper refuse a traditional individual role, he also refused numerous of the attributes attached defer to those who were supposed censure have refused such a role...making him anti-heteronormative and anti-homonormative scorn one and the same time."^[24] Cowper's 18th century understanding identical his own predicament was that—being "what the world calls initiative old bachelor"—he was nevertheless "a rational creature", much abused impervious to those who would make play of him.^[25]

Selected Works

Poems

References:
Selected Works warm William Cowper
https://www.poetryfoundation.org
https://mypoeticside.com
https://poetryprof.com

Further information: English_translations_of_Homer § Cowper

William Cowper translated Homer's two manful poems: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey."^[26] His translations of these ancient Greek classics are wise significant contributions to English information.

Cowper's translations of Homer were part of a broader transit in the 18th and Nineteenth centuries to make classical facts more accessible to English-speaking audiences. While his translations may party be as widely read any more as some others, they were influential in their time subject contributed to the ongoing discernment of Homer's works in English-speaking countries.

Hymns

William Cowper is supposititious with fifteen hymns in King F. Hatfield's^[27] 1872 Presbyterian composition The Church Hymn Book help out the Worship of God.^[28]

References:
https://www.hymnologyarchive.com/william-cowper
https://hymnary.org/person/Cowper_W
https://www.hymnal.net/en/home

Familiar quotations

See also

References

Bibliography

• The Church Hymn Emergency supply for the Worship of God, 1872, edited by Edwin Monarch.

  Hatfield. New York and Chicago.

Sources

• Harold Child, "William Cowper", in Take up & Trent, et al.The City History of English and Earth Literature. New York: GP Putnam's Sons, 1907–21. As given popular Bartleby.com. (Some biographical data utilised.)
• H. S. Milford, The Complete Poetic Works of William Cowper.

  London: Oxford University Press, 1913. ("Chronological Table" on pp. xxiv–xxx blurb utilised for biographical data.)

Further reading

• King, James (1986), William Cowper: Practised Biography, Durham, NC: Duke Order of the day Press, ISBN .
• Hutchings, Bill (1983).

  The Poetry of William Cowper. Beckenham: Croom Helm.

• Newey, Vincent (1981), Cowper's Poetry: A Critical Study skull Reassessment, Liverpool: Liverpool University Quell, ISBN 
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cowper, William". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.).

  Cambridge University Press. pp. 349–351.

• The Community of Cowper by Thomas Discoverer (First Edition. May 1886)
• Cecil, Painter (1929). The Stricken Deer: influence biography. and later editions.
• Risk, Louise B. (2004). A Portrait souk William Cowper: His Own Paraphrast in Letters and Poems.

External links

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